Clock Step Variations incorporating a drop step (15cm step down) utilising a Number cue in the Clock format (left face). Variations: Clock Step Down, Clock Step Down + Dual Task, Clock Step Down + Ball Slam.

Clock Step Down. [0.00]

• Clock (left side shown, change to right for right leg stepping)

• Number cue = Step to corresponding marker.

• Environment Constraints: Step (15cm), marker distance, pace.

• Task Constraints: Start/return to step; step to marker as per cue (left leg only); full step down on each repetition (foot flat); pelvis/torso orientation maintained to the front as much as possible.

Exercise Design Notes: Step down to challenge deceleration against gravity. In this variation, aim to maintain front facing pelvis/torso orientation to facilitate lateral and backward stepping range of motion.

Regression/Progression: Step height, range of motion, pace, multi step/return, multi/mixed cues, add load, add perturbation; step back/up as per capacity.

Clock Step Down + Dual Task Ball Bounce. [0.18]

• Clock (left side shown, change to right for right leg stepping)

• Number cue = Step to corresponding marker.

• Environment Constraints: Step (15cm), marker distance, pace, ball type.

• Task Constraints: Start/return to step; step to marker as per cue (left leg only); full step down on each repetition (foot flat); ball bounce dual task - ball bounce on marker with opposite hand to stepping leg; pelvis/torso rotation toward marker.

Exercise Design Notes: The ball bounce dual task adds both cognitive and balance challenge; ball bounce with contralateral hand facilitates orientation/rotation of pelvis and torso towards target marker.

Regression/Progression: Step height, range of motion, pace, modify ball bounce task as per motor control capacity (larger ball, double hand catch etc), add load, add perturbation; step back/up as per capacity.

Clock Step Down + Ball Slam. [0.29]

• Clock (left side shown, change to right for right leg stepping)

• Number cue = Step to corresponding marker.

• Environment Constraints: Step (15cm), marker distance, pace, ball type.

• Task Constraints: Start/return to step; step to marker as per cue (left leg only); full step down on each repetition (foot flat); ball slam on marker ; pelvis/torso rotation toward marker, focus on stable hip hinge.

Exercise Design Notes: The ball slam adds dynamic balance and deceleration challenge; orientation/rotation of pelvis and torso towards target marker with focus on hip hinge for stability in slam position.

Regression/Progression: Step height, range of motion, pace, add load, add perturbation; step back/up as per capacity.